The Exercise Science Practice Model: A Framework for Integrating Critical Thinking, Reflective Practice, and Professional Reasoning in Exercise Science Education

Abstract

The Exercise Science Practice Model (ESPM) is a foundational framework that unifies professional education, reasoning, and practice within the field of Exercise Science. Unlike allied health disciplines such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and athletic training, Exercise Science has lacked an established practice model to guide curriculum design, professional identity, and accreditation. The ESPM bridges this gap by integrating the biopsychosocial model with critical thinking and clinical reasoning frameworks, emphasizing reflective, ethical, and evidence-based decision-making. Grounded in constructivist and transformative learning theories, the model promotes active, student-centered learning through case studies, simulations, and reflective exercises that cultivate higher-order cognitive skills.

The ESPM is organized into six interrelated domains —Psychosocial, Assessment, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Intervention, and Outcome —that together provide a structured, cyclical approach to client management. Each domain incorporates both technical competencies and reflective reasoning, aligning with standards established by the American College of Sports Medicine (2020) and the National Strength and Conditioning Association (2025). Implementation within a regional University curriculum demonstrated enhanced student engagement, improved integrative reasoning, and strengthened professional identity. Preliminary outcomes suggest that ESPM fosters critical inquiry, ethical awareness, and interprofessional collaboration, aligning with current educational reforms in health sciences.

Ultimately, the ESPM advances Exercise Science education by providing a replicable, evidence-informed framework that promotes curricular coherence, professional legitimacy, and the cultivation of reflective, competent practitioners prepared for the evolving demands of preventive health and performance science.