Design and Development Research (DDR) Approach in Development of Value-Based Pedagogy Model in the Context of a Multiracial Country

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a Values-Based Pedagogy Model tailored for multiracial educational contexts, particularly focusing on Malaysia. Grounded in the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, through a systematic process involving needs analysis, the Fuzzy Delphi Method, and expert validation, the model has been designed and refined to align with the unique cultural dynamics of multiracial societies. The model integrates four critical dimensions: Universal Values, Understanding, Respect for Differences, and Inclusivity. These dimensions are not treated as separate components but are interwoven throughout the curriculum and pedagogical practices. Universal values serve as the foundation, while understanding and respecting differences are integrated into the learning activities, and inclusivity guides the overall classroom environment. The findings demonstrate that this comprehensive model effectively balances universal ethical principles with culturally specific practices, can enhance values education by addressing the complexities of diverse classrooms, helping educators create culturally responsive and inclusive learning experiences.