Examining Postsecondary Institutional Characteristics and Student Basic Needs Services: An Exploratory Analysis

Abstract

This study examines the link between institutional characteristics and the provision of basic needs services at nonprofit, two- and four-year colleges in a high-poverty U.S. state. Basic needs insecurity, including food and housing instability, significantly affects students' academic success, retention, and well-being. Results show that public, four-year colleges are more likely to offer comprehensive basic needs services than community colleges and private institutions. Interestingly, spending on academic and student services per full-time student strongly relates to the availability of emergency housing, health services, and transportation support. Colleges with a higher percentage of students of color are more likely to provide mental health services. The findings contribute to global discussions about institutional capacity, legitimacy, and equity in higher education.