Intercultural Communication in the Temple: Challenges and Strategies for Thai Monks Using English to Share Buddhist Teachings

Abstract

This study examines the intercultural communication challenges and strategies employed by Thai Buddhist monks when engaging with international visitors in English. Guided by Byram’s Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) model, the research identifies cognitive, behavioral, affective, and developmental challenges faced by monks in conveying complex Buddhist teachings across linguistic and cultural boundaries. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, 30 monks participated in surveys, and a subset of 10 monks engaged in semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that cognitive challenges, particularly the translation of culturally specific Buddhist concepts, present significant obstacles. Behavioral and affective challenges, such as adapting non-verbal cues and managing emotional responses, further influence monks’ intercultural interactions. Additionally, developmental challenges highlight the gradual enhancement of intercultural competence through practice, reflection, and experience. To address these challenges, monks employ strategies closely aligned with Byram’s ICC model, including the use of simplified language, culturally relevant examples, empathy, and critical cultural accommodations. These strategies raise inclusivity, mutual respect, and effective intercultural dialogue. The study underscores the importance of intercultural competence training within religious contexts, advocating for skill development in adaptability, empathy, and culturally sensitive communication. By providing a detailed understanding of intercultural competence within religious education, this research highlights the dynamic and ongoing process of growth and adaptation in cross-cultural spiritual engagement.