A theory guided nursing intervention for management of hypertension among adults at rural area

Abstract

Background and objective: Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. Many people with hypertension both in developing and developed countries have no adequate control of their blood pressure. Lifestyle modification and adherence to antihypertensive drugs play an important role in controlling hypertension and in preventing its long-term complications. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the effect of application of Pender's Health Promotion Model on management of hypertension among adults in rural area.

Methods: Quasi-experimental design was utilized. The sample of this study was a purposive sample of 150 adults with hypertension. Setting: This study was conducted at El-Shahid Fekry village and Abu-Mashhour village at Menoufia Governorate. Tools used were (1) An interview questionnaire containing three parts of the model: a) Individual characteristics and experience, b) behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and c) behavioral outcomes. (2) Physical measurement included anthropometric measurements.

Results: The highest percentages of hypertension were among age group between 50-60 years (44.7%), female (69.3%), and illiterate (34.7%). There was statistical significant improvement among the study group than the control group at the posttest of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in relation to the components of Pender’s health promotion model (p = .0001).

Conclusions and recommendations: Application of Pender’s Health Promotion Model was effective in management of hypertension. Also, nursing educational intervention was successful in improving knowledge, lifestyle behaviors and blood pressure measurement among adults in the study group than the control group. Recommendations: Health education programs to increase awareness of adults about risk factors of hypertension and the disease process is essential to empower and motivate them to adopt healthy lifestyle and adhere to medication to manage the disease and prevent complication.