A STAR-based Cointegration Analysis of Globalization and Air Transport in Türkiye

Abstract

This study employs the smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) model-based cointegration tests developed by Kapetanios et al. (2006) and Maki (2010) to investigate the long-term relationship between air transport and globalization, including its economic, social, and political dimensions in Türkiye. STAR models reflect the smooth nature of real-world processes and can capture the complex and nonlinear relationships between variables that linear models struggle to represent effectively. We offer a novel methodological approach to examine the relationship between air transport and globalization in Türkiye, providing valuable insights for policymakers and researchers. Our empirical results reveal a long-term equilibrium relationship between air transport and overall globalization and the economic and political dimensions of the globalization index. These results imply that both variables move together in the long run. However, no cointegration was found between air transport and the social dimension of globalization.